English Vocabulary for International Trade

TRADE DICTIONARY

TRADE DICTIONARY (from English to Spanish)

VOCABULARY LIST

BUSINESS DICTIONARY

NOSEDIVE____________________________________________

This episode takes place in a dystopian world which might not be very different from the way we are already living in our real world, and this is very disturbing and uncomfortable. Write a reviewy of the episode and answer the following questions:

If such an application existed, would you like to use it. Why or why not?

Do you think you sometimes publish things that will be “liked” rather than things you actually like on social networks? Give examples.

Do you think the world painted in this episode is very different from ours? How?

HOW TO WRITE A FILM REVIEW

Unit 2

1. PAST SIMPLE & PAST CONTINUOUS:

• 01. Past simple & past continuous
• 02. Past simple & continuous
• 03. Past simple & continuous
• 04. Past simple & continuous

2. PAST SIMPLE & PRESENT PERFECT:

• 05. Past simple & Present Perfect
• 06. Past simple & present perfect
• 07. Past simple & present perfect

3. PAST SIMPLE & PAST PERFECT:

• 08. Past simple & Past perfect
• 09. Past simple & past perfect
• 10. Past simple & past perfect

ON-LINE EXPLANATIONS & ACTIVITIES:

1. Past Simple & Past Continuous.
2. Past Simple & Present Perfect.
3. Past Simple & Past Perfect.

 EXTRA MATERIAL FROM YOUR BOOK ‘OVER TO YOU’ TO REVISE FOR YOUR UNIT 2 EXAM:

• Vocabulary unit2(1)
• Vocabulary unit2(2)
• Unit 2 grammar(1)
• Unit 2 grammar(2)

ADJECTIVES ENDING IN -ING OR -ED:

• 01. Adjectives -ING -ED
• 02. Adjectives -ING -ED
• 03. Adjectives -ING -ED
• 04. Adjectives – ING -ED

ONLINE ACTIVITIES

GRAMMAR

• Past Simple & Continuous 1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10
• Past Perfect Simple 1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  11  12  13  14  15
• Revision - Vocabulary
• Revision - Grammar

VOCABULARY

•  Adjectives (-ed/-ing) 1  2  3  4  5  6  7

Computer Games Essay Model Answer:

Access to computers has increased significantly over recent decades, and the number of children playing games on computers has increased too. This essay will consider the positive and negative impacts of this and discuss ways to mitigate against the potential negative effects.

With regards to the positive effects, playing computers games can develop children’s cognitive skills. Many popular games require abstract and high level thinking skills in order to win, skills that may not be taught at school. For example, children need to follow instructions, solve complex problems and use logic in many of the games that are currently popular. Such experience will be beneficial to a child’s progression into an adult.

However, concerns have been raised about the prolific use of computer games by children, much of this related to the violence they contain. The problem is that in many of the games children are rewarded for being more violent, and this violence is repeated again and again. For instance, many games involve children helping their character to kill, kick, stab and shoot. This may lead to increased aggressive feelings, thoughts, and behaviours.  

In order to minimize these negative impacts, parents need to take certain steps. Firstly, some video games are rated according their content, so parents must check this and ensure their children are not allowed to have access to games that are unsuitable. Parents can also set limits on the length of time games are played. Finally, parents should also take an active interest in the games their children are playing so they can find out how they feel about what they are observing. 

To sum up, there are benefits of computer games, but there are disadvantages too. However, if parents take adequate precautions, the severity of these negative impacts can be avoided.

Unit 2

SUMMARY:

Vocabulary

•  Topic: Words from the text (advertising, spectator, etc.)
• Topic: Verb Collocations (Keep & Pay)
• Topic: Finances (decrese, improve, etc.)
• Topic: Describing adverts (effective, brilliant, etc.)

  Grammar
The Reported Speech

• Reported Statements
• Reported questions
• Reported orders & requests
• Reported suggestions
• Reporting verbs

Writing

• A FOR and AGAINST essay (Student's Book, page 161)
• Connectors of addition & contrast (but, moreover, etc.) (Student's Book, page 158)

Reading

• Strategy: Identifying the author's purpose (Identificar el propósito del autor)

Revision exercises (download)

Reported Speech (self-correcting)

VOCABULARY

• vocabulary_unit_6_1star
• vocabulary_unit_6_2star
• vocabulary_unit_6_3star

GRAMMAR

• Reported Speech explanation: Reported speech
• grammar_unit_6_1star
• grammar_unit_6_2star
• grammar_unit_6_3star
• Reported_Statements_and_Questions
• Reported_Statements_and_Questions_2
• Reported Speech (by Performance2)

-ING / TO INFINITIVE

• GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES
• ing-toinf bachi

Administración y Finanzas

KEY VOCABULARY

REVISION

These are the solutions for exercise: A) Classify these words under the following categories

Possible specific solutions: exchange, refund, replacement, credit note, repair

Proofs of purchase: invoice, credit card statement, bank statement, guaranty, warranty, receipt

Service providers: seller, trader, manufacturer, staff, supplier

Generic names for things you buy or sell: merchandise, goods, item, and article

Generic names for compensating a client: compensation, remedy, resolution, solution

This is the most important vocabulary from B) Bubble game

Problems with a product: not fit for purpose/ misdescribed /faulty / out of order / broken down / malfunctional / low standard / damaged / missing parts.

Words related to rights and duties: to be entitled to / to be (legally) obliged to / to take responsibility for / to take (further) action / to carry the blame / to blame / to go to court / provide with a remedy/ claim compensation

Complainer’s points: refuse to pay / to demand / to be entitled to a complete (full) refund / inconvenience / get money back / shipping costs.

Possible problems for customer: supplier passes the buck (the hot potato) / overcharged.

Other: At our expense/ at no cost to/ retailer.

Grammar - Exam - Comercio

REPORTED SPEECH

Syllable Division Rules

1. Separate prefixes and suffixes from root words.
• examples:  pre-view, work-ing, re-do, end-less, & out-ing
2. Are two (or more) consonants next to each other?
• Divide between the 1^st and 2^nd consonants.
• examples:  buf-fet, des-sert, ob-ject, ber-ry, & pil-grim
• Never split 2 consonants that make only 1 sound when pronounced together and aren't the same letter (i.e., 'ff').
• examples:  th, sh, ph, th, ch, & wh
3. Is the consonant surrounded by vowels?
• Does the vowel have a long sound?  (Like the 'i' in line)
• Divide before the consonant.
• examples:  ba-by, re-sult, i-vy, fro-zen, & Cu-pid
• Does the vowel have a short sound?  (Like the 'i' in mill)
• Divide after the consonant.
• examples:  met-al, riv-er, mod-el, val-ue, & rav-age
4. Does the word end with 'ckle'?
• Divide right before the 'le.'
• examples:  tack-le, freck-le, tick-le, & buck-le
5. Does the word end with 'le' (not 'ckle')?
• Is the letter before the 'le' a consonant?
• Divide 1 letter before the 'le.'
• examples:  ap-ple, rum-ble, fa-ble, & ta-ble
• Is the letter before the 'le' a vowel?
• Do nothing.
• examples:  ale, scale, sale, file, & tile

Examples

• little:   lit - tle
• petal:   pet - al
• turtle:   tur - tle
• ankle:   an - kle
• riddle:   rid - dle
• arrow:   ar - row
• nickle:   nick - le
• cotton:   cot - ton
• student:   stu - dent
• teacher:   teach - er
• children:   chil - dren
• pottery:   pot - ter - y
• learning:   learn - ing
• textbook:   text - book
• watching:   watch - ing
• screaming:   scream - ing
• misbehaving:   mis - be - hav - ing

2 ASIR - Preparing for the exam

Conditionals Chart

Conditionals 1 - 2

Conditionals 3

Exercises

Passive

Passive 2

Exercises

1 ASIR/DAW - 10 Accidental Inventions

Writing / Discussion

What invention couldn't you live without? 

Describe it.

• Is it a simple everyday object or something more complex?
• What's it for?
• What kind of design has it got?
• Has the design changed much since it was invented?

Look on the internet. Find out some history

• Who invented it?
• Where was it invented?
• Was it invented by accident?
• Why and how was it invented?
• What were they trying to do when they invented it (what else were they working on)?

What do you think about it? 

• Why is it important?
• What did it change or make better for people?
• What couldn't we do without it?
• Why couldn't you live without it?

Write about your invention
Write it using 3 - 4 paragraphs (see above)
Don't forget to have an introduction (say what it is and why you are choosing it)
and a conclusion (your opinion of it / why couldn't you live without it and why you think it's important)

LIST OF THE MOST COMMON SIMPLE GRAMMAR MISTAKES

• NEVER TRANSLATE DIRECTLY FROM SPANISH. Structures are not the same and, unluckily, you haven’t got the same knowledge of Spanish and English. Try adapting your ideas in Spanish to a more simple level so you are able to work with them in English as well. 
• “-S” of third person singular for verbs in the present simple.
• Adjectives in English NEVER take “-s” to form the plural.
• All adjectives are placed before the noun they go with.
• All compounds of SOME and ANY are considered third person singular.
• THIS / THAT are singular words. THESE / THOSE are plural.
• Be careful with False Friends. ACTUALLY does not mean ACTUALMENTE but REALMENTE.
• MODAL VERBS are followed by an infinitive without TO.
• ALL sentences in English have a subject.
• PEOPLE is plural.
• VERY is MUY. A LOT OF / MANY / MUCH is MUCHOS/MUCHAS.
• No double negation in a sentence.
• Avoid contractions when writing; they are too informal.
• Be careful with the structure of the sentence: Subject+Verb+Object+Complement (place + time)
• WITH ≠ WHICH ≠ WITCH.
• WELL ≠ GOOD
• DIE (vb) / DEAD (adj.) / DEATH (noun).
• ENOUGH + noun / adjective + ENOUGH.
• The definite article is used before singular and plural nouns when the noun is specific or particular.                                                                   "The dog that bit me ran away."                                                     Here, we're talking about a specific dog, the dog that bit me. 

Past tenses contrast de IES - Junta de Andalucia

Unit 1

These are the contents you are going to work in Unit 1. Click on the following links:

• Resumen de todos los tiempos verbales: Tenses EXAMPLES.

• Present Simple & Continuous EXPLANATION: present-simple-present-continuous
• Present Simple & Continuous ACTIVITIES: present_simple_and_present_continuous / PresentSimple&Continuous

• Present Perfect Simple EXPLANATION: present-perfect
• Present Perfect TIME WORDS: present-perfect-time-words
• Present Perfect ACTIVITIES: present_perfect / present_perfect_2 / PresentPerfect

• Verb + -ing or to infinitive? Some verbs are followed by a verb in the -ing form, and others are followed by a “to infinitive”. Learn it! This is the EXPLANATION:ing or to infinitive
• Verb + -ing or to infinitive ACTIVITIES: GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES Activities

ON-LINE EXPLANATIONS AND ACTIVITIES:

• Present Simple and Continuous: CLICK HERE!
• Present Perfect Simple: CLICK HERE!
• For or Since: CLICK HERE!
• Verbs + ing / to infinitive: CLICK HERE!

EXAM REVISION!

Printable activities to revise GRAMMAR:

• Unit 1 grammar(1)
• Unit 1 grammar(2)
• Unit 1 grammar(3)

Printable activities to revise VOCABULARY:

• Vocabulary unit1(1)
• Vocabulary unit1(2)

Interactive exercises clicking on the following links:

GRAMMAR

• Gerund / Infinitive 1  2  3
• Present Simple & Continuous 1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10
• Present Perfect Simple 1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  11  12  13  14  15

VOCABULARY

•  Adjective order  1  2  3  4
• For/Since 1  2  3  4    

Unit 1

SUMMARY:

Vocabulary

• Topic: Words from the text (good-natured, sign, degree, etc.)
• Topic: Noun & Adjective suffixes (-ment, -tion, -ful, -ible, etc.)
• Topic: Language: (bilingual, mother tongue, etc.) & Phrasal verbs (talk sb out of, talk sb into, talk down to sb, talk back, talk sth over).
• Topic: Communication: (whisper, have a heart, etc.)

 Grammar

• Present perfect simple and continuous
• Past perfect simple and continuous
• Future perfect simple

Writing

• An informative essay (Student's Book, pages 159-160)
• Connectors of cause and result (Due to, since, therefore, etc.) (Student's Book, page 158)

Reading

• Strategy: Identifying the main idea (Identificar la idea principal de cada párrafo)

LINKS TO ONLINE EXERCISES

• Present Perfect Simple (Explanation + exercises)
• Present Perfect Continuous (Explanation + exercises)
• Past Perfect Simple (Explanation + exercises)
• Past Perfect Continuous (Explanation + exercises)
• Future Perfect Simple (Explanation + exercises)
• Verb tenses (ejercicios de todos los tiempos verbales)

Revision exercises (download)
More exercises with key for self-study (download)

Grammar Revision.

• grammar_unit_1_1star
• grammar_unit_1_2star
• grammar_unit_1_3star

Vocabulary Revision.

• vocabulary_unit_1_1star
• vocabulary_unit_1_2star
• vocabulary_unit_1_3star